Does the pass change when I change my card?

No. A pass and a card are two different things. The pass says what you typed in the Your wallet pass panel on the Wallet screen, and nothing on it comes from your card.

So if you change something that is on both, such as your phone number, change it in two places: on My Card for your card, and in the pass designer for your pass.

1. Open Wallet and change the boxes in the Your wallet pass panel.

2. Press Save.

3. Press Publish this pass. Every pass already on a phone goes back for the new words.

Every pass also carries a few rows you cannot change: Issued by (who to write to about the pass), Stopping this pass (how to stop it) and Report this pass. They are the same on every pass, and the fold What differs between Apple and Google lists them under Rules every pass carries.